法国公立大学（Universités）作为高等教育体系的重要组成部分，是国家对高等教育事业的重大投资。它们不仅承担着培养专业人才和推动科学技术进步的使命，还要不断适应社会发展需求，为学生提供优质、高效、多元化的教育服务。那么，在这样的背景下，法国政府又是怎样来管理和监督这些公立大学，以确保它们能够顺利开展教学与科研活动，并为社会创造价值呢？

首先，我们需要了解的是，法国公立大学由一个独立于政府直接行政控制之外，但却受法律约束并接受财政支持的机构网络构成。在这种制度安排下，它们拥有较大的自主权，可以根据自己的特点和优势进行教学改革、科研创新等工作。但同时，由于受到国家资金支持，这些高校也必须遵守一定的法律法规，如《1948年至1968年间设定的“国民议会法”》、《1976年的“关于高等教育”的法案》以及后续的一系列相关法律文件。

其次，为了保证学校管理上的透明度和责任性，加强内部治理结构，France has established a system of university governance that includes both academic and administrative bodies. At the heart of this system is the General Assembly, which comprises all members of the academic staff and students, as well as some external representatives. This assembly plays a crucial role in electing senior management positions like Rector or President, and it also provides a platform for discussing major policy decisions.

In addition to these bodies, French public universities are required to have an internal audit department that monitors their financial transactions and ensures compliance with legal requirements. Furthermore, they must submit regular reports on their activities to the Ministry of Higher Education and Research (MESR), which oversees higher education institutions in France.

To ensure quality control over teaching programs and research output, universities undergo periodic evaluations conducted by independent agencies such as AERES (Agence d'Évaluation de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur) or later its successor Hcéres (Haute Conseillère pour l’Évaluation de l’Recherche et des Études supérieures). These evaluations assess various aspects including curriculum design, pedagogical practices, research performance indicators like publication rates or patent applications etc., providing feedback for improvement.

Moreover, French public universities are encouraged to foster international cooperation through partnerships with other institutions worldwide. The government actively promotes mobility programs such as Erasmus Mundus scholarships allowing students from different countries to study at partner universities across Europe while maintaining full-time enrollment at their home institution back in France.

Furthermore ,the French state invests heavily in modernizing infrastructure within public higher education establishments - new buildings housing cutting-edge laboratories facilities can be seen sprouting up around campuses across the country; digitalization efforts aim at making resources more accessible online; funding is allocated towards supporting innovative projects undertaken by faculty members who wish explore new avenues of knowledge creation & dissemination.

Finally ,it's worth mentioning that although there may exist challenges related to budget constraints due partly because funding per student has decreased over time compared with pre-2000 levels yet still remains among highest globally but despite these difficulties many people believe strongly that investing money into tertiary education will pay off long-term benefits not only financially but socially too since highly educated individuals contribute positively impacting society overall economic growth stability

In conclusion ,French Public Universities embody a remarkable blend of autonomy & accountability underpinning rigorous institutional oversight mechanisms designed specifically tailored toward enhancing each individual establishment’s unique strengths while ensuring efficient allocation resources aimed primarily promoting excellence educational outcomes contributing significantly national development progress.